發(fā)布時間:2018/02/06 16:14:18 來源:易學(xué)仕專升本網(wǎng) 閱讀量:8898
摘要:動詞不定式 1.常用形式:一般主動式to do, 一般被動式to be done 完成主動式to have done, 完成被動式to have been done 進(jìn)行式to be doing 2.語法功能:可作主語、表語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、
動詞不定式
1.常用形式:一般主動式to do, 一般被動式to be done
完成主動式to have done, 完成被動式to have been done
進(jìn)行式to be doing
2.語法功能:可作主語、表語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、定語和狀語(即除謂語之外的各種成分)。例如:
(1)主語:To master a foreign language is very important.
(2)表語:My job is to drive them to the company every day.
(3)賓語:Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
(4) 賓補(bǔ):The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didn’t notice them come in.
注:see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等動詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式不帶to, 但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)以后(即不定式作主補(bǔ)時)要帶to, 其中l(wèi)et sb. do sth. 變?yōu)楸粍邮綖閟b. is let do sth.
help(幫助)后作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式可帶to,也可不帶to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
(5) 定語:不定式位于所修飾的名詞,代詞之后,如:Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
(6)狀語: in order to
A.目的狀語:She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
注:in order to 可以位于句首或句中,so as to 不能位于句首。
B.原因狀語: I’m glad to see you . 注:這種“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),其不定式有時也可視為賓語,如:He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C.結(jié)果狀語:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們一直活到見到家鄉(xiāng)解放。
在“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“太…結(jié)果不能”,如:He is too weak to do the work.
注:too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意,此時不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。如:They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他們很幸運去國外訪問。
另外,too后如果是happy, glad之類形容詞時,不定式也表肯定意。
如:She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
在“形容詞/副詞+enough+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“足以能…”,如:He is strong enough to do the work .
3.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式(for sb. to do sth.),可作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。for 本身無意義,sb.可稱之為不定式的邏輯主語。例如:I think it necessary for him to go there at once.(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作賓語)。
注:當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時,不用for, 而用of,
如:It is kind of you to help me .(相當(dāng)于You are kind to help me .)這類形容詞有g(shù)ood,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite(不禮貌)等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如:It’s right/wrongg for him to do the work alone.
4.疑問詞+不定式:可作主語、表語或賓語。如:How to finish the work in time is a problem.(主語)We don’t know when and where to go .(賓語)
5.動詞不定式的否定式(not to do sth.),語法功能同不定式肯定式。
操作成功